A review of methods,applications and limitations for incorporating fluid flow in the discrete element method

The past decade has witnessed the substantial growth in research interests and progress on the subject of coupled hydro-mechanical processes in rocks and soils, driven mainly by the surge of research in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs and associated hazards. Many coupling techniques have been developed to include the effects of fluid flow in the discrete element method (DEM), and the techniques have been applied to a variety of geomechanical problems. Although these coupling methods have been successfully applied in various engineering fields, no single fluid/DEM coupling method is universal due to the complexity of engineering problems and the limitations of the numerical methods. For researchers and engineers, the key to solve a specific problem is to select the most appropriate fluid/DEM coupling method among these modeling technologies. The purpose of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of fluid flow/DEM coupling methods and relevant research. Given their importance, the availability or unavailability of best practice guidelines is outlined. The theoretical background and current status of DEM are introduced first, and the principles, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of different fluid flow/DEM coupling methods are discussed. Finally, a summary with speculation on future development trends is given.     

Efficient Identification of water conveyance tunnels siltation based on ensemble deep learning

The inspection of water conveyance tunnels plays an important role in water diversion projects. Siltation is an essential factor threatening the safety of water conveyance tunnels. Accurate and efficient identification of such siltation can reduce risks and enhance safety and reliability of these projects. The remotely operated vehicle (ROV) can detect such siltation. However, it needs to improve its intelligent recognition of image data it obtains. This paper introduces the idea of ensemble deep learning. Based on the VGG16 network, a compact convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed as a primary learner, called Silt-net, which is used to identify the siltation images. At the same time, the fully-connected network is applied as the meta-learner, and stacking ensemble learning is combined with the outputs of the primary classifiers to obtain satisfactory classification results. Finally, several evaluation metrics are used to measure the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results on the siltation dataset show that the classification accuracy of the proposed method reaches 97.2%, which is far better than the accuracy of other classifiers. Furthermore, the proposed method can weigh the accuracy and model complexity on a platform with limited computing resources.     

A numerical investigation on the hydrogen reduction of wüstite using a 2D mesoscale method

The reduction of wüstite (FeO) is the most difficult step in the multi-step of iron oxides, and the basic characteristics of the hydrogen reduction of FeO are particularly important for the low-carbon development in metallurgy. In this work, the hydrogen reduction of pure FeO pellets was studied numerically by a 2D mesoscale method, which was further developed based on the lattice gas model. The method employed the directional probability and reaction probability to describe gas diffusion and reaction, respectively. The method was firstly validated by comparing with experiments reported by Usui et al. Then, the influence of reaction temperature, particle size, and porosity on the hydrogen reduction of FeO was conducted. The results demonstrated that the reaction rate increased with increasing temperature, increasing porosity, and decreasing particle size. The reaction mechanism depended on FeO pellet radius and porosity, it was boundary reaction at smaller radius (80 μm) or smaller porosity (0.210).     

Enhanced photocatalytic performance and stability of multi-layer core-shell nanocomposite C@Pt/MoS2@CdS with full-spectrum response

The nanocomposite material C@Pt/MoS₂@CdS was prepared by a simple microwave-assisted hydrothermal method combined with photoreduction method. The crystal structure, microstructure, and surface physical chemistry properties of the material were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis/DRS), X-ray photoelectron energy spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and electrochemical tests. As a result, this material has full-spectrum light absorption property and the composited CdS presents a good hexagonal phase. Moreover, the composite material presents a nanorod-like multi-layer core-shell structure, wherein the rod-like MoS₂@CdS surface is covered with Pt and C. The formation of the multi-layer core-shell structure increases the specific surface area of as-composite material and strengthens its light absorption performance. The electrochemical impedance and transient photocurrent test results show that C@Pt/MoS₂@CdS has the highest charge separation efficiency and enhanced photocurrent density compared with other systems. Photogenerated charge carriers have higher separation efficiency, and photogenerated electrons and holes exhibit longer life. During the photocatalysis experiments, the nanocomposite C@Pt/MoS₂@CdS shows enhanced photodegradation activity under multi-modal photocatalytic experiments and excellent stability under visible light irradiation. In addition, C@Pt/MoS₂@CdS has a strong photocatalytic water splitting ability. Under the same experimental conditions, its hydrogen production is 60 times that of commercially available P25. Through capture experiments, the reactive species in the photocatalytic reaction process were determined, and the possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism of this multi-layer core-shell C@Pt/MoS₂@CdS nanocomposite was inferred.     

Effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin on the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter

The effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin (0.1, 200, and 400 MPa) on the gel properties, water-holding capacity, and water mobility of pork batter were investigated. The high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin significantly increased (P < 0.05) the emulsion stability, cooking yield, hardness, springiness, chewiness, resilience, cohesiveness, the a^* and b^* values, and the G′ and G′′ values of pork batter at 80 °C, compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In contrast, the centrifugal loss and initial relaxation time of T_2b, T₂₁, and T₂₂ significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the microstructure was denser, and the voids were smaller and more uniform compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In addition, the sample with 11S globulin modified at 400 MPa had the best water-holding capacity, gel structure, and gel properties among the samples. Overall, the use of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin improved the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter, especially under 400 MPa.     

Cubic B-splines method for Hall and ion slip impacts on unsteady MHD rotating flow past a vertical moving porous plate

The heat and mass transfer of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Newtonian fluid with Hall current and ion-slip currents due to vast possible engineering applications is very important in areas like power generators, MHD accelerators, refrigeration coils, electric transformers, and heating elements. A quality-based research on Hall and ion-slip consequences on the rotating unsteady MHD flow past an infinite perpendicular moving absorbent plate have not been performed. Therefore, the Hall and ion-slip consequences on rotating unsteady MHD flow past an infinite perpendicular moving absorbent plate have not been performed. The similarity transformations are engaged to transfer the governing partial differential equations within favor of the scheme of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and elucidated numerically making use of cubic B-splines collocation mechanism. The influences of felicitous parameters on basic equations are remarked on through graphical profiles. Even though the computational estimations of frictional forces, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for various parameters are distributed in tabular format and exchanged of views comparatively.     

几种配合料加水系统及特点

分析总结了几种常见配合料加水系统及其特点,并结合生产实际提出了不同系统的利弊和使用要点.     

煤泥水处理方法的研究

针对煤泥水的性质及难处理的原因,研究开发出采用阳离子淀粉、二氯化钙和聚丙烯酰胺联合处理煤泥水的实用方法。试验结果表明,阳离子淀粉与二氯化钙、聚丙烯酰胺联用处理煤泥水沉降速度快,澄清效果好,药剂费用低,上清液pH值在7左右,不需加酸调节。     

利用岩芯变形测定原始地应力

探讨了利用测量岩芯的直径变形来测定地应力的一种新方法--岩芯变形法，通过预备实验和实际测定确认了岩芯变形法的适用性.预备实验的测定结果表明，平面内的主应力方向和主应力差之值均与所施加的载荷相一致，水压致裂采取到的岩芯的测定结果也表明两种方法的结果相吻合.探讨了岩石的微观裂隙、超声波速度与岩芯变形之间的关系.岩芯变形法不需要对岩芯进行整形，并且在非破坏状态下测定，对各种岩石均适用，为原始地应力测定提供了一种新的方法和途径.